Home > Blossary: Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic diseases in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period.Symptoms of high blood sugar include frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased hunger. If left untreated, diabetes can cause many complications. Acute complications include diabetic ketoacidosis and nonketotic hyperosmolar coma.Serious long-term complications include cardiovascular disease, stroke, kidney failure, foot ulcers and damage to the eyes. As of 2014, an estimated 387 million people have diabetes worldwide, with type 2 diabetes making up about 90% of the cases. This is equal to 8.3% of the adult population, with equal rates in both women and men. In the years 2012 to 2014, diabetes is estimated to have resulted in 1.5 to 4.9 million deaths per year. Diabetes at least doubles the risk of death. The number of people with diabetes is expected to rise to 592 million by 2035. The global economic cost of diabetes in 2014 was estimated to be $612 billion USD. In the United States, diabetes cost $245 billion in 2012.

Category: Health

12 Terms

Created by: tim.zhaotianqi

Number of Blossarys: 40

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Collected Terms

a study by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases conducted from 1998 to 2001 in people at high risk for Type 2 diabetes. All study participants had impaired glucose tolerance, also called pre-diabetes, and were overweight. The study showed that people who lost 5 to 7 percent of their body weight through a low-fat, low-calorie diet and moderate exercise (usually walking for 30 minutes 5 days a week) reduced their risk of getting Type 2 diabetes by 58 percent. Participants who received treatment with the oral diabetes drug metformin reduced their risk of getting Type 2 diabetes by 31 percent. - See more at: http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/common-terms/#sthash.bIAIhlZA.dpuf

Domain: Health care; Category: Diabetes treatment

国家糖尿病消化道和肾脏疾病研究所的一项研究,从 1998 年到 2001 年在 2 型糖尿病高危人群进行 所有的研究参与者的糖耐量降低了,也被称为糖尿病前期,并且超重。 研究表明,降低了5%至7%体重,通过低脂肪,低热量的饮食和适量的运动(通常走30分钟,每周5天)的人,他们获得2型糖尿病的风险降低了58%。 接受治疗的口服糖尿病药物二甲双胍的参与者患上2型糖尿病的风险减少了31%。 更多参见: http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/common-terms/#sthash.bIAIhlZA.dpuf

Domain: Health care; Category: Diabetes treatment

an insulin-delivering device about the size of a deck of cards that can be worn on a belt or kept in a pocket. An insulin pump connects to narrow, flexible plastic tubing that ends with a needle inserted just under the skin. Users set the pump to give a steady trickle or basal amount of insulin continuously throughout the day. Pumps release bolus doses of insulin (several units at a time) at meals and at times when blood glucose is too high, based on programming done by the user. - See more at: http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/common-terms/common-terms-f-k.html#sthash.AmYDp93k.dpuf

Domain: Health care; Category: Diabetes treatment

一副扑克牌大小可以在放腰带上或放在口袋里的胰岛素导入设备。 胰岛素泵连接到皮肤下插入一根有狭窄灵活的塑料管材连接的针。 用户通过设置泵可以全天持续稳定的打入基本数量的胰岛素。 基于用户所做的设定,当血液中的葡萄糖过高时,泵在进餐时间释放负荷剂量的胰岛素 (一次几个单位)。 更多参见: http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/common-terms/common-terms-f-k.html#sthash.AmYDp93k.dpuf

Domain: Health care; Category: Diabetes treatment

an oral medicine used to treat Type 2 diabetes. It blocks the enzymes that digest starches in food. The result is a slower and lower rise in blood glucose throughout the day, especially right after meals. Belongs to the class of medicines called alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. (Brand name: Precose) - See more at: http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/common-terms/#sthash.bIAIhlZA.dpuf

Domain: Health care; Category: Diabetes treatment

用于治疗2型糖尿病的口服药物。 它能消化淀粉食物中的酶。 其结果是一个更慢和跟缓地在一天中升高血糖,尤其是饭后。 该类药物称为α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂。 (品牌名称:Precose)-更多请参见http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/common-terms/#sthash.bIAIhlZA.dpuf

Domain: Health care; Category: Diabetes treatment

a study by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, conducted from 1983 to 1993 in people with Type 1 diabetes. The study showed that intensive therapy compared to conventional therapy significantly helped prevent or delay diabetes complications. Intensive therapy included multiple daily insulin injections or the use of an insulin pump with multiple blood glucose readings each day. Complications followed in the study included diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy. - See more at: http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/common-terms/#sthash.bIAIhlZA.dpuf

Domain: Health care; Category: Diabetes treatment

国家糖尿病消化道和肾脏疾病研究所的一项研究,在1型糖尿病患者间从1983年的进行到1993年。 研究表明,相比于传统疗法,强化治疗显著帮助预防或延迟糖尿病并发症。 强化治疗包括每日多次注射胰岛素或每天使用有多个血糖读数的胰岛素泵。 并发症其次在研究包括糖尿病性视网膜病变,神经病变和肾病。 更多请参见http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/common-terms/#sthash.bIAIhlZA.dpuf

Domain: Health care; Category: Diabetes treatment

Is a group of specialized cells that release hormones into the blood. For example, the pancreatic islets, which secrete insulin, are endocrine glands. For more information: http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/common-terms/#sthash.bIAIhlZA.dpuf

Domain: Health care; Category: Diabetes treatment

一组专门的细胞释放的激素进入血液。 例如,在胰岛的胰腺,它分泌胰岛素,就是内分泌腺体。 更多请参见http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/common-terms/#sthash.bIAIhlZA.dpuf

Domain: Health care; Category: Diabetes treatment

measures the number of blood glucose molecules (MAH-leh-kyools) linked to protein molecules in the blood. The test provides information on the average blood glucose level for the past 3 weeks. - See more at: http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/common-terms/common-terms-f-k.html#sthash.AmYDp93k.dpuf

Domain: Health care; Category: Diabetes treatment

测定血葡萄糖分子在血液与蛋白分子的数目。 该试验提供了在过去的3周的平均血糖值的信息。 更多请参见http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/common-terms/common-terms-f-k.html#sthash.AmYDp93k.dpuf

Domain: Health care; Category: Diabetes treatment

proteins located on the surface of the cell that help the immune system identify the cell either as one belonging to the body or as one from outside the body. Some patterns of these proteins may mean increased risk of developing Type 1 diabetes. - See more at: http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/common-terms/common-terms-f-k.html#sthash.AmYDp93k.dpuf

Domain: Health care; Category: Diabetes treatment

位于帮助免疫系统的细胞的表面上的蛋白质鉴定细胞是否属于人体还是在一个主体之外 这些蛋白的一些模式可能意味着形成1型糖尿病的风险增加。 更多请参见http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/common-terms/common-terms-f-k.html#sthash.AmYDp93k.dpuf

Domain: Health care; Category: Diabetes treatment

a condition in which a blood glucose test, taken after an 8- to 12-hour fast, shows a level of glucose higher than normal but not high enough for a diagnosis of diabetes. IFG, also called pre-diabetes, is a level of 100 mg/dL to 125 mg/dL. Most people with pre-diabetes are at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes. - See more at: http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/common-terms/common-terms-f-k.html#sthash.AmYDp93k.dpuf

Domain: Health care; Category: Diabetes treatment

一个血糖测试,8至12小时后快速取,显示血糖高于正常值,但为高达确诊糖尿病的状态。 IFG,也称为糖尿病前期,在100毫克/分升至125毫克/分升的水平。 大多数患有糖尿病前期是有潜在危险发展成2型糖尿病。 更多请参见http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/common-terms/common-terms-f-k.html#sthash.AmYDp93k.dpuf

Domain: Health care; Category: Diabetes treatment

an emergency condition in which extremely high blood glucose levels, along with a severe lack of insulin, result in the breakdown of body fat for energy and an accumulation of ketones in the blood and urine. Signs of DKA are nausea and vomiting, stomach pain, fruity breath odor and rapid breathing. Untreated DKA can lead to coma and death. - See more at: http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/common-terms/#sthash.bIAIhlZA.dpuf

Domain: Health care; Category: Diabetes treatment

紧急状况,表现为非常高的血糖水平,以及严重缺乏胰岛素,导致身体能源脂肪被击穿并在血液和尿中积累的酮。 DKA的症状有恶心,呕吐,胃痛,呼吸果香气味和呼吸急促。 未经治疗的DKA可导致昏迷和死亡。 更多请参见 http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/common-terms/#sthash.bIAIhlZA.dpuf

Domain: Health care; Category: Diabetes treatment

The A1C test measures a person's average level of blood glucose during the prior 2-3 months. Hemoglobin is the part of the red blood cell that carries oxygen to the cells and also combines with glucose in the bloodstream. Also called hemoglobin A1c or glycosylated hemoglobin, the test measures the quantity of glucose attached to the red blood cells which is proportional to the quantity of glucose in the blood. More information available at: http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/common-terms/#sthash.bIAIhlZA.dpuf

Domain: Health care; Category: Diabetes treatment

一个测量一个人在过去2至3个月的平均血糖水平的测试。 血红蛋白是红细胞携带氧到细胞的一部分,有时也加入血液中的葡萄糖。 也被称为糖化血红蛋白,试验表明葡萄糖该粘在红血细胞,其正比于葡萄糖的血液中的量。 更多请参见 http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/common-terms/#sthash.bIAIhlZA.dpuf

Domain: Health care; Category: Diabetes treatment

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